Effect of Afrezza on glucose dynamics during HCL treatment
figure
posted on 2020-07-13, 15:47 authored by Alfonso Galderisi, Nathan Cohen, Peter Calhoun, Kristen Kraemer, Marc Breton, Stuart Weinzimer, Eda Cengiz<b>Objective:
</b>A major obstacle in optimizing the performance of
closed-loop (CL) automated insulin delivery systems has been the delay in
insulin absorption and action that results from the subcutaneous (SC) route of
insulin delivery leading to exaggerated post-meal hyperglycemic excursions. We
aimed to investigate the effect of Afrezza inhaled insulin with ultrafast-in
and out action profile on improving post-prandial blood glucose control during
hybrid closed loop (HCL) treatment in young adults with type 1 diabetes.
<p><b>Methods:
</b>We conducted an inpatient, three-way, randomized
crossover standardized meal study to assess the efficacy and safety of Afrezza
at a low (A<sub>L</sub>) and a high (<a>A<sub>H</sub></a>) dose
as compared to a standard SC rapid-acting insulin (aspart) pre-meal bolus
during Diabetes
Assistant (DiAs) HCL treatment.
Participants received two sequential meals on three study days, and
pre-meal insulin bolus was determined based on home insulin to carbohydrate
ratio for each meal (rounded up to the closest available Afrezza cartridge dose
for A<sub>H </sub>and down for A<sub>L</sub>).
The primary efficacy outcome was the peak postprandial plasma glucose (PPG)
level calculated by pooling data for up to four hours after the start of each
meal. Secondary outcomes included hyperglycemic, hypoglycemic, and euglycemic
venous glucose metrics. </p>
<p><b>Results:
</b>The mean PPG for the rapid acting insulin control arm
and A<sub>H</sub> were similar (185±50mg/dL vs. 195±46mg/dL, respectively;
p=0.45), while it was higher for meals using A<sub>L</sub> (208±54mg/dL,
p=0.04). The A<sub>H</sub> achieved significantly lower early PPG level than
the control arm (30 min; p<0.001), and improvement in PPG waned at later
time points (120 and 180 min; p=0.02) coinciding with the end of Afrezza
glucodynamic action. </p>
<p><b>Conclusions:
</b>Afrezza (A<sub>H</sub>) pre-meal bolus reduced the early glycemic excursion and
improved PPG during HCL compared to aspart pre-meal bolus. The improvement in
PPG was not sustained after the end of Afrezza glucodynamic action at 120min. </p>
Funding
This work has been supported by Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International (JDRF) under Grant 2-APF-2019-737-A-N, and JDRF 3-SRA-2016-244-M-R, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under Grant 1DP3DK106826-01, CTSA Grant Number UL1 RR024139 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) and the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS)., the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD Fellowship 2016) and Robert E. Leet and Clara Guthrie Patterson Trust Award (to AG).
History
Related Materials
- 1.
