Trans Fatty Acid Biomarkers and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: Pooled Analysis of 12 Prospective Cohort Studies in the Fatty Acids and Outcomes Research Consortium (FORCE)
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posted on 2022-02-10, 15:51 authored by Heidi TM. Lai, Fumiaki Imamura, Andres V. Ardisson Korat, Rachel A. Murphy, Nathan Tintle, Julie K. Bassett, Jiaying Chen, Janine Kröger, Kuo-Liong Chien, Mackenzie Senn, Alexis C. Wood, Nita G. Forouhi, Matthias B. Schulze, William S. Harris, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Frank Hu, Graham G. Giles, Allison Hodge, Luc Djousse, Ingeborg A. Brouwer, Frank Qian, Qi Sun, Jason HY. Wu, Matti Marklund, Rozenn N. Lemaitre, David S. Siscovick, Amanda M. Fretts, Aladdin H. Shadyab, JoAnn E. Manson, Barbara V. Howard, Jennifer G. Robinson, Robert B. Wallace, Nick J. Wareham, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Jerome I. Rotter, Michael Y. Tsai, Renata Micha, Dariush Mozaffarian, the Fatty Acids and Outcomes Research Consortium (FORCE)<b>Objective:</b> Trans-fatty
acids (TFAs) have harmful biologic effects that could increase risk of type 2
diabetes (T2D), but evidence remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the
prospective associations of TFAs biomarkers and T2D by conducting an individual
participant-level pooled analysis.
<p><b>Research design and methods:</b> <a>We included data from an
international consortium of 12 prospective cohorts and nested case-control
studies from six nations. TFA biomarkers </a>were measured in blood collected
between 1990-2008 from 25,126 participants aged ≥18 years without prevalent
diabetes. Each cohort conducted <i>de novo</i> harmonized analyses using a
pre-specified protocol, and findings were pooled using inverse-variance
weighted meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was explored by prespecified between-study
and within-study characteristics.</p>
<p><b>Results:</b>
During mean follow-up of 13.5 years, 2,843 cases of incident T2D were identified. In
multivariable-adjusted pooled analyses, no significant associations with T2D were
identified for <i>trans/trans-</i>18:2, RR, 95%CI: 1.09 (0.94-1.25), <i>cis/trans-</i>18:2, 0.89 (0.73-1.07), and <i>trans/cis</i>-18:2, 0.87 (0.73-1.03). <i>T</i><i>rans</i>-16:1n-9,
total <i>trans</i>-18:1, and total <i>trans</i>-18:2 were inversely associated
with T2D (RR, 95%CI: 0.81, 0.67-0.99; 0.86, 0.75-0.99; and 0.84, 0.74-0.96, respectively). Findings were not
significantly different according to pre-specified sources of potential
heterogeneity (each P<sub> </sub>≥0.1).</p>
<p><b>Conclusion:</b> Circulating
individual <i>trans</i>-18:2 TFA biomarkers were
not associated with risk of T2D, while t<i>rans</i>-16:1n-9,
total <i>trans</i>-18:1, and total <i>trans</i>-18:2 were inversely associated. Findings
may reflect the influence of mixed TFA sources (industrial vs. natural ruminant),
a general decline in TFA exposure due to policy changes during this period, or
the relatively limited range of TFA levels.</p>
