Objective: Across the DPP follow-up, cumulative diabetes incidence
remained lower in the lifestyle compared to placebo and metformin randomized
groups and could not be explained by weight. Collection of self-reported PA (yearly)
with cross-sectional objective PA (in follow-up) allowed for examination of PA and its long-term impact on
diabetes prevention.
Research Design and Methods: Yearly self-reported PA and diabetes
assessment, OGTT, (fasting glucose semi-annually) was collected for 3232
participants with one accelerometry assessment 11-13 years after randomization
(n=1,793). Mixed models determined PA differences across treatment groups. The
association between PA and diabetes incidence was examined using Cox
proportional hazards models.
Results: There was a 6% decrease (Cox proportional HR 0.94 [0.92, 0.96];
P< 0.001) in diabetes incidence per 6 MET-hrs/week increase in
time-dependent PA for the entire cohort over an average 12 years (controlled
for age, sex, baseline PA and weight). The effect of PA was greater (12%
decrease) among participants less active at baseline (<7.5 MET-hrs/week)
(n=1338; HR 0.88 [0.83, 0.93] P<0.0001) with stronger findings for lifestyle
participants. Lifestyle had higher
cumulative PA compared with metformin or placebo (p<0.0001) and higher
accelerometry total minutes/day measured in follow-up (P=0.001 and 0.047). All
associations remained significant with weight in the models.
Conclusions: PA was
inversely related to incident diabetes in the entire cohort across the study
with cross-sectional accelerometry results supporting these findings. This
highlights the importance of PA within lifestyle intervention efforts designed
to prevent diabetes and urge health-care providers to consider both PA and
weight when counseling high-risk patients.
Funding
The Research Group gratefully acknowledges the commitment and dedication of the participants of the DPP and DPPOS. During the DPP and DPPOS, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) of the National Institutes of Health provided funding to the clinical centers and the Coordinating Center for the design and conduct of the study, and collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data (U01 DK048489). The DPPOS Accelerometer Ancillary Study was funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases ([NIDDK] R01 DK081345-01A1). The Southwestern American Indian Centers were supported directly by the NIDDK, including its Intramural Research Program, and the Indian Health Service. The General Clinical Research Center Program, National Center for Research Resources, and the Department of Veterans Affairs supported data collection at many of the clinical centers. Funding was also provided by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institute on Aging, the National Eye Institute, the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, the National Cancer Institute, the Office of Research on Women’s Health, the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the American Diabetes Association. Bristol-Myers Squibb and Parke-Davis provided additional funding and material support during the DPP, Lipha (Merck-Sante) provided medication and LifeScan Inc. donated materials during the DPP and DPPOS. LifeScan Inc., Health O Meter, Hoechst Marion Rous*sel, Inc., Merck-Medco Managed Care, Inc., Merck and Co., Nike Sports Marketing, Slim Fast Foods Co., and Quaker Oats Co. donated materials, equipment, or medicines for concomitant conditions. McKesson BioServices Corp., Matthews Media Group, Inc., and the Henry M. Jackson Foundation provided support services under subcontract with the Coordinating Center. The sponsor of this
