supplemental_table_1.pdf (92.81 kB)
Small amounts of dietary medium-chain fatty acids protect against insulin resistance during caloric excess in humans
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posted on 2020-10-29, 15:50 authored by Ada AdminAda Admin, Anne-Marie Lundsgaard, Andreas M. Fritzen, Kim. A. Sjøberg, Maximilian Kleinert, Erik A. Richter, Bente KiensMedium-chain
fatty acids (MCFAs) have in rodents been shown to have protective effects on
glucose homeostasis during high-fat overfeeding. In this study, we investigated
whether dietary MCFAs protect against insulin resistance induced by a hypercaloric
high-fat diet in humans. Healthy, lean men ingested a eucaloric control diet
and a three-day hypercaloric high-fat diet (+75% energy, 81-83E% fat) in
randomized order. For one group (n=8), the high-fat diet was enriched with saturated
long-chain FAs (LCSFA-HFD), while the other group (n=9) ingested a matched diet,
but with ~30 g (5E%) saturated MCFAs (MCSFA-HFD) in substitution for a corresponding
fraction of the saturated LCFAs. A hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with
femoral arteriovenous balance and glucose tracer was applied after the control
and hypercaloric diets. In LCSFA-HFD, whole body insulin sensitivity and peripheral
insulin-stimulated glucose disposal were reduced. These impairments were prevented
in MCSFA-HFD, accompanied by increased basal FA oxidation, maintained glucose metabolic
flexibility, increased non-oxidative glucose disposal related to lower starting
glycogen content and increased glycogen synthase activity, together with increased
muscle lactate production. In conclusion, substitution of a small amount of
dietary LCFAs with MCFAs rescues insulin action in conditions of lipid-induced energy
excess.