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Necrostatin-1 Mitigates Cognitive Dysfunction in Prediabetic Rats With no Alteration in Insulin Sensitivity

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posted on 2020-04-28, 21:30 authored by Ada AdminAda Admin, Kewarin Jinawong, Nattayaporn Apaijai, Supawit Wongsuchai, Wasana Pratchayasakul, Nipon Chattipakorn, Siriporn C Chattipakorn
Previous studies show that 12-week of high-fat diet (HFD) consumption caused not only prediabetes, but also cognitive decline and brain pathologies. Recently, necrostatin-1 (nec-1), a necroptosis inhibitor, showed beneficial effects in brain against stroke. However, the comparative effects of nec-1 and metformin on cognition and brain pathologies in prediabetes have not been investigated. We hypothesized that nec-1 and metformin equally attenuated cognitive decline and brain pathologies in prediabetic rats. Rats (n=32) were fed with either normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks. At week 13, ND-fed rats were given a vehicle (n=8) and HFD-fed rats were randomly assigned into 3 subgroups (n=8/subgroup) with vehicle, nec-1 or metformin for 8 weeks. Metabolic parameters, cognitive function, brain insulin receptor function, synaptic plasticity, dendritic spine density, microglial morphology, brain mitochondrial function, Alzheimer’s protein, and cell death were determined. HFD-fed rats exhibited prediabetes, cognitive decline, and brain pathologies. Nec-1 and metformin equally improved cognitive function, synaptic plasticity, dendritic spine density, microglial morphology, brain mitochondrial function, reduced hyperphosphorylated-tau and necroptosis in HFD-fed rats. Interestingly metformin, but not nec-1, improved brain insulin sensitivity in those rats. In conclusion, necroptosis inhibition directly improved cognition in prediabetic rats without alteration in insulin sensitivity.

Funding

This work was supported by Thailand Research Fund grants: RTA 6080003 (SCC), TRG6280005 (NA); the NSTDA Research Chair grant from the National Science and Technology Development Agency Thailand (NC), and the Chiang Mai University Center of Excellence Award (NC).

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