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Longitudinal Association of Depressive Symptoms, Binge Eating, and Quality of Life With Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Young Adults With Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: The TODAY2 Study

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posted on 2022-03-15, 16:28 authored by Marsha D. Marcus, Rachelle Gandica, Laure El ghormli, Janine Higgins, Bereket Tesfaldet, Dorit Koren, Sarah Macleish, Elia Nila Escaname, Ruth S. Weinstock, the TODAY Study Group
Objective: To report prevalence of depression and eating disorder symptoms, and impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and examine their longitudinal associations with glycemia and diabetes complications in young adults with youth-onset type 2 diabetes.

Research Design and Methods: Participants recruited over a 4-year period were enrolled at 15 clinical diabetes centers in the follow-up observational Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY2) study. From 2014-2020, prevalence of symptoms of depression, eating disorders and HRQOL by sex, race-ethnicity and baseline family income were assessed annually. Longitudinal relationships between assessments of glycemia and complications with psychiatric symptoms and HRQOL were evaluated in adjusted models.

Results: Participants (N=514) were 21.7+2.5 years old with a diabetes duration of 8.6+1.5 years in year 1 of TODAY 2 (2014). Symptoms of depression and impaired HRQOL were common and increased significantly over 6 years (14.0% to 19.2%, P=0.003; and 13.1% to 16.7%, P=0.009, respectively). Depression and impaired HRQOL were more common in women and those with lower baseline family income but did not differ by race/ethnicity. Rates of binge eating were stable over time; self-reported purging increased. Over time, symptoms of depression were associated with higher HbA1c, hypertension and retinopathy progression; impaired HRQOL was associated with higher BMI, systolic blood pressure, hypertension, and retinopathy progression; symptoms of eating disorders were associated with higher BMI.

Conclusions: Significant psychiatric symptoms and impaired HRQOL are common among emerging adults with youth-onset type 2 diabetes and are positively associated with glycemia, hypertension and retinopathy progression in this group that is at ongoing risk for medical morbidity.

Funding

This work was completed with funding from NIDDK and the NIH Office of the Director through grants U01-DK61212, U01-DK61230, U01-DK61239, U01-DK61242, and U01-DK61254. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The NIDDK project office was involved in all aspects of the study, including: design and conduct; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; review and approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

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