Interaction between dietary iron intake and genetically determined iron overload: risk of islet autoimmunity and progression to type 1 diabetes in the TEDDY study
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posted on 2023-03-03, 16:38 authored by Steffen U. Thorsen, Xiang Liu, Yachana Kataria, Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen, Simranjeet Kaur, Ulla Uusitalo, Suvi M. Virtanen, Jill M. Norris, Marian Rewers, William Hagopian, Jimin Yang, Jin-Xiong She, Beena Akolkar, Stephen Rich, Carin Andrén Aronsson, Åke Lernmark, Anette-Gabriele Ziegler, Jorma Toppari, Jeffrey Krischer, Hemang M. Parikh, Christina Ellervik, Jannet Svensson, the TEDDY Study Group<p> </p>
<p><strong>Objective</strong></p>
<p>To examine if iron intake and genetically determined iron overload interact in predisposing to the development of childhood islet autoimmunity (IA) and type 1 diabetes (T1D).</p>
<p><strong>Research Design and Methods</strong></p>
<p>In “The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young” (TEDDY) study, 7,770 genetically high-risk children were followed from birth until the development of IA and progression to T1D. Exposures included energy-adjusted iron intake in the first 3 years of life and a genetic risk score (GRS) for increased circulating iron. </p>
<p><strong>Results</strong></p>
<p>We found a U-shaped association between iron intake and risk of GADA as first autoantibody. In subjects with GRS>=2 iron risk alleles, high iron intake was associated with increased risk of IA with insulin as first autoantibody [adjusted hazard ratio (HR, 95% CI): 1.71 (1.14; 2.58), as compared to moderate iron intake. </p>
<p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p>
<p>Iron intake may alter the risk of islet autoimmunity in children with high-risk HLA haplogenotypes. </p>
