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Efficacy of Modern Diabetes Treatments- Dpp-4i, Sglt-2i, Glp-1ra- in White and Asian Patients With Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

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posted on 2020-07-17, 13:51 authored by Sushrima Gan1, Adem Y Dawed, Louise A Donnelly, ATN Nair, Colin NA Palmer, Viswanathan Mohan, Ewan R Pearson
Background and Purpose:The pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes differs markedly by ethnicity. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the impact of ethnicity on the glucose lowering efficacy of the newer oral agents, SGLT-2is, GLP-1RAs and DPP-4is, using evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs).

Data Sources:A literature search was conducted in PubMed of all randomized, placebo-controlled trials of DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1RA. The search strategy was developed based on medical subject sub-headings (MeSH) terms and keywords.

Study selection : 64 studies qualified for meta-analysis after full-text review based on pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. RCTs with at least 50 patients in each arm; >70% of population from Asian or White group; duration>=24 weeks; published up to March 2019 were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data extraction:Data extraction was done for aggregated study-level data , by two independent researchers. Absolute changes in HbA1c (%) from baseline to 24 weeks between the drug and placebo was considered as the primary endpoint of the study.

Data synthesis: Change in HbA1c was evaluated by computing mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between treatment and placebo arms.

Limitations: Study is based on summarized data and could not be separated based on East Asians and South Asians.

Conclusion : The glucose lowering efficacy of SGLT-2i, and to a lesser extent DPP-4i, was greater in studies of predominantly Asian ethnicity compared to studies of predominantly white ethnicity. There was no difference seen by ethnicity for GLP-1RA.

Funding

The research was commissioned by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) using Official Development Assistance (ODA) funding [INSPIRED 16/136/102]. ERP holds Wellcome Trust New Investigator Award (102820/Z/13/Z).

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